Source: arXiv — 2026-06-30
Summary
"Governance Gaps in Agent Interoperability Protocols" evaluates the three leading agent interoperability protocols — Model Context Protocol (MCP), Agent-to-Agent (A2A), and Agent Communication Protocol (ACP) — against a governance-requirements taxonomy rather than a technical-capability checklist. The authors argue none of the three protocols natively supports the multi-party governance concerns that arise once agents operate semi-autonomously across organizational boundaries.
Key Takeaways
- Defines a six-dimension governance taxonomy: membership, deliberation, voting, dissent preservation, human escalation, and audit/replay.
- The taxonomy is derived from organizational theory and enterprise governance standards, not just from the protocols' own specifications.
- Conclusion: none of MCP, A2A, or ACP natively expresses most of the six governance dimensions, leaving a gap for real-world multi-organization agent deployments.
- Authored by Richard Kang and Yudho Diponegoro.